UH: The Universal Hamitonians equation is a future-oriented 'modern physics' concept that inherits the classical physics system and includes spatial potential energy and quantum theory-based energy density functions. Follow-up studies by many researchers are requested.
Here, the gravitational constant 𝐺 can be used as is. 𝐺=6.67430(15)×10-11m³·s⁻²·kg⁻¹.
This spatial potential energy (dark matter energy) can be understood as an elastic force or buoyancy that pushes each other. Since this is (+) gravity, it can be calculated as a positive value. In this equation, each term has the following physical meaning.

In this equation, each term has the following physical meaning:
* $\frac{1}{2}$  : In terms of kinetic energy m is the mass of the object, and v is the velocity.

* $-\frac{GMm}{r}$: The gravitational energy term, where G is the gravitational constant, M is the mass of the central mass, m is the mass of the object, and r is the distance between the masses.

*$\alpha \frac{GM_T m}{R}$ :Space potential energy:(+)gravitational energy term. $M_T$is the ordinary matter of the universe, and R is the radius of the universe.

* α≈1 : an adjustment coefficient of Position energy that reflects the characteristics of the space.

* $\rho(r)$ : Density function, location $r$ represents the mass-energy density. The mass-energy density term is a multidimensional energy field, and the variables are interpreted and interact with the energy density distribution. This expresses that it can be connected to the celestial space of galactic motion requiring precise mass density analysis, the identification and calculation of dark matter, the alternative analysis of space curvature in the theory of relativity, fluid dynamics, and the energy field analysis of quantum mechanics. In other words, it tracks and calculates the mass-energy and its density distribution in various fields centered on space.

1)In particular, the space Position energy term $\alpha \frac{GM_T m}{R}$ is , in its properties and magnitude, revealed that it is the 'Dark matter energy' that the physics community has been looking for for a long time.
2) Also, the energy density function term ρ(r) describes a multidimensional energy density space based on modern quantum theory, which is a characteristic of this equation. This shows that the UH equation is based on the 'New Space theory' that integrates the microscopic and macroscopic worlds. This can be extended to microscopic lines and surfaces, and Einsteinian geometric four-dimensional space centered on three-dimensional space.

This is further addressed in the latter part of the book, "Study on the essence of the gravitational constant G".
The gravitational constant 𝐺 can be used as is. Here, 𝐺=6.67430(15)×10-11m³·s⁻²·kg⁻¹. The space potential energy (we understand this as dark matter energy) can be understood as a buoyancy or elastic force that pushes each other. This can be calculated as a positive (+) value with (+) gravity as follows.

$$F_{\alpha} = \frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^2}$$
The gravitational constant G was studied separately and published in a paper, which is summarized in the latter part of this article.

I. Universal Ordinary Matter Equilibrium

Figure 1 shows the balance state of the general material dimension of the entire universe. This is the balance of the total space potential energy and the total gravitational energy. This is the balance of 'total space potential energy' and 'total gravitational gravitational energy'. However, in the general space, 'space position' has an overwhelming force, providing enough potential energy to individual masses to maintain the solid stability of the universe system. Gravitational energy is distributed to the central mass (galaxy, black hole, star forming an orbit, etc.) that leads the gravitational field and contributes to the overall movement.

The UH equation can effectively express the potential energy, gravitational energy, and kinetic energy distribution in space where individual masses exist.
Here is an example of the Earth-Solar system.
Base DATA: NASA Earthdata, ESA Planck satellite

* Kinetic Energy: $$\frac{1}{2}mv^2 = \frac{1}{2} \times 5.972 \times 10^{24} \, \text{kg} \times (2.978 \times 10^4 \, \text{m/s})^2 = \frac{2.648 \times 10^{33}}{1} \, \text{J}$$

* Gravity Energy:

* Space Position Energy:

Updated

* Earth-Solar system Local Space Position Energy:

Gravitational constant G is also applied here in a naturalistic way. (+) In gravity calculations, it is calculated as a positive value. (+) Gravity is a scalar mode energy pointing in all directions. It can also be interpreted as a repulsive force or an expansion force.

This can be explained based on existing measured data up to the larger dimensions of galaxies and ordinary matter, as shown in Table 1.

The gravitational constant G is also applied here in a naturalistic way. (+) In gravity calculations, it is calculated as a positive value. (+) Gravity is a scalar mode energy pointing in all directions. It can also be interpreted as a repulsive force or an expansion force. This can be explained based on existing measured data up to the larger dimensions of galaxies and ordinary matter, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 reflects the total potential, kinetic, and gravitational energies of each system, showing the balanced relationships between these values ​​at various cosmological scales.

II.Individual Mass Equilibrium

The principle of nature is fair. It is mechanical and transparent. The flow of this solid natural principle guarantees the efficiency of nature. Nature never neglects to take care of individual beings. It shows that it gives potential energy of space potential energy greater than gravitational energy to individual masses. This also speaks of the greatness and precision of the principle of conservation of energy and the minimum action.

Figure 2. Individual Mass

Space position energy is a positive energy that occurs on a large scale in the universe, and it is considered to act as a system adjustment energy that regulates the gravitational energy between celestial bodies so that it does not have an excessively large value. This is the function of the system background energy. As previously examined, each dimension of the space system is a cosmic balance and harmony of space position energy, gravitational energy, and kinetic energy.
From this perspective, the gravitational energy, kinetic energy, and space position energy between the Earth and the Sun are in total balance and in mutual harmony. This harmony is consistent with the overall energy balance of the universe, and maintains stable orbital motion within individual celestial bodies.
In other words, the 'space position energy' has an overwhelming advantage between the Sun and our galaxy, and between our galaxy and ordinary matter, and the universe operates stably. In addition, since the entire galaxy and ordinary matter have the same mass value, the total gravitational energy and total position energy of the universe become the same (α=1), achieving overall balance. In this solid dynamical balance, we can see that 'kinetic energy' is driving the universe.
'Natural gravity theory' has been simulated in various ways in separate papers based on the quantum theory of energy density concept, such as 1) space compression energy density equation, 2) space density equation based on relativity theory, and 3) fluid dynamic density equation.
Furthermore, by calculating various cosmic phenomena such as galactic rotation, gravitational lensing, redshift, and black hole measurements based on existing measured and theoretical data using the UH equation, the results were found to be very close to existing measured values. As a result, it was confirmed that the current cosmic phenomenon is very precise and in a balanced harmony in terms of natural principles.

Ontological scientific method
This study is the result of critically approaching and synthesizing traditional natural philosophy and existing physical cosmology through multi-layered and overlapping pattern analysis based on the 'Ontological scientific method'. It reveals that there was deep reflection to overcome the limitations of linearity, partiality, isolation, and closedness of the current scientific method. This can be said to be an example of showing that the limitations of partiality, which is trapped in relationalism and cannot approach the essence, can be overcome with a multidisciplinary, holistic ontology.
It also tells us that the 'ontological scientific method' is a direct and efficient scientific method that approaches the truth based on essence.
This means that it is a methodology that can easily approach reality in personal and social tasks or in all scientific fields.
1. What is this?
2. Why must this exist?
We can see that these two questions are the beginning of substantial knowledge. This is because it allows us to see existence from the perspective of existence. Here, we can confirm that all existence always has the law of conservation of energy and the principle of least action.
Even in natural phenomena, 'thinking in reverse' is a general principle, and we can see that gravity also has this 'interaction' as its fundamental principle.This shows that the mass-energy movements in space interact very precisely and accurately even at very low densities.

Approaching the essence of gravity

Space-centered dynamics illuminates the essence of the gravitational constant G. Universal constants show what kind of goal the universe has set and designed nature for. The gravitational constant G is a relational constant of physical elements structured with the goal of forming a certain gravity. Here, we first discover the ‘reverse structure of density’ of the gravitational constant. We note that the universe sets a certain gravity target and aims to invest the minimum mass and energy. We confirm that the universe strategically uses the law of conservation of energy and the principle of minimum action for this.
Gravity is formed by space and mass-energy, but space shows its self-organizing principle through the gravitational constant. The composition of the gravitational constant consists of a unique ‘relation’ and a ‘spatial scale’. This shows that the gravitational constant is not a simple gravitational construct, but a result of the grand plan of the cosmic system.

I. Structure of the gravitational constant
1. Composition and dimensions of units The basic units of gravity SI: International System Units are as follows. Gravitational constant G SI: m^3·kg-^1·s^–2 The SI characteristics of these unit elements are that they are composed of space (m3), mass (kg-1), and energy (s–2). The gravitational constant itself reflects the essential composition of the universe. It sets the structure of minimum input by placing both mass (kg^-1) and energy (s^–2) in the denominator. Based on this, it has a strategic position to compose and react to the energy density in space (m3).

Relationship and scale of the gravitational constant The exponent is composed of a relationship and a scale. 6.6743 m^3·kg^-1·s^–2 ×10^-11, that is, a relationship × scale.
· Relationship: This relationship strategically configures the energy density of space by generating energy (s–2) based on mass (kg^-1). The relationship shows how gravity is structured and generated.
· Scale exponent of the gravitational constant: This indicates the size of space in which the physical elements that make up gravity can interact. This means that the radius of the hydrogen atom is approximately 53 picometers = 5.3 x 10^-11 m and the average energy density of the universe, 8.27 x 10^-10 kg·m^-1·s^-2 (based on ordinary matter), operates in a space of similar dimensions. It can be seen that the interaction space where gravity acts is the spatial dimension of the atomic level. Therefore, it can be understood that the composition of G is based on interactions at the atomic level. This also shows that it exists on the boundary between the micro and macro. Therefore, it can be inferred that the gravitational constant acts as a constant that configures the basic physical properties of the entire space of the universe.

2. Characteristics of the gravitational constant
1. As you can see from the equation, gravity is closely related to the mass-energy density at the quantum level. In other words, it shows the energy distribution in space based on mass-energy. Energy distribution means spatial density and spatial dominance. The universe is operated based on this force.
2. The fact that the value of the gravitational constant G is a very low numerical unit means that the system is highly efficient and perfect enough to move and operate the vast universe even at very low mass-energy density and pressure. On the other hand, if the value of G is high, it means that more mass and energy are consumed to generate the same gravity. It can be seen that the current space system is structured to generate sufficient gravity even at very low energy densities.
3. The space system reliably provides energy to places where preserved energy must be invested. It harmoniously and stably operates the continuous creation of stars and the giant galaxy, which is the ecology of stars.
4. The ontological mechanism of space is this solid and efficient. On the other hand, it extremely restricts the use of energy in unnecessary places. Stars that have completed their existence cycle, like supernova explosions, generate elements that the universe needs and reconstruct them efficiently. Among these, the cluster of stars in the galaxy, which is the axis of the universe, operates stably and harmoniously. The galaxy shows that it operates the galactic ecology stably by utilizing the ‘space position energy’ formed by its own cluster of stars as a huge potential energy without separate external energy input.

3. Macroscopic space structure and gravity
The gravitational constant G is generally known as a universal constant. Observation results from artificial satellites and other sources also support the fact that the gravitational constant is a universal constant. The gravitational constant G is believed to have the same value everywhere in the universe. However, examination of this fact is essential in the study of the gravitational constant G.

Review of the universality of the gravitational constant
Ordinary matter mass: 6.41×10^53  kg
Galaxy mass: 1.5×10^42 kg
Sun mass: 1.989×10^30  kg The universe shows a physical scale difference of 10^11 to 10^12 up and down depending on its scale. This physical scale difference can be seen as a difference in the scale of space, which can affect the relationship and scale of the constant. In other words, this is a review of whether the gravitational constant G can also change if the ‘system’ changes. Also, even if the relationship ‘6.674’ remains the same, the scale itself can change because the composition of space itself is different. However, as previously examined, the scale of the gravitational constant can be a structure that operates even in the space at the atomic level. This needs to be clearly confirmed.
The difference in scale between the Sun (1.989×10^-30kg) and the Galaxy (1.5×10^-42 kg) is 1.3011×^11. This may only be a quantitative difference in scale. It may not be that the Solar System has a different qualitative environment from the entire Galaxy. As seen in the CMB, the Universe maintains a relatively uniform qualitative composition. Also, observations made so far using artificial satellites have shown that the same physical laws apply throughout the Universe.
Also, on a large scale, galaxies are balanced in space and are generally distributed uniformly, and the distribution of elements such as hydrogen and helium at a microscopic level is also shown to be almost constant throughout the Universe. This shows that the law of gravity applies equally not only to the Solar System but also to the entire Universe. Also, the results of analyzing the spectrum of light from distant galaxies or quasars show that the same physical laws apply as those observed on Earth. In other words, this tells us that basic physical laws such as the speed of light, electromagnetic force, and the structure of atoms apply equally everywhere in the Universe. It is also clear that there is no reason for physical laws to be complicated in nature. Simplicity is the basis of sophistication.

Conclusion

1. The gravitational constant shows that space is the essence of the universe. The gravitational constant is commonly applied to various energy fields in the universe. Its domain includes not only macroscopic but also microscopic space. The gravitational constant G 6.674×10^-11 m^-3·kg^-1·s^-2 has the general composition of the space energy density index. Here, the spaces r^-2 and m^-3 in the denominator show that they are the masters of not only the gravitational constant G but also gravity and . It says that the universe is unified with the fundamental space.

2. The gravitational constant expresses the essential nature and mechanism of space. The gravitational constant G of nature has a scale of 10^-11, and the radius of the hydrogen atom is about 53 picometers = 5.3 x 10^-11 m, which is almost the same scale as the average energy density of the universe, 8.27 x 10^-10 kg·m^-1·s^-2. This shows that the principle of creation of gravity and the universal constant G is based on the fundamental principles and dynamical structure of nature that encompass the micro and macro worlds. The gravitational constant G may be a self-declaration of space.
(1) Gravity in the gravitational field has a (-) value. Gravity is a 'vector mode' energy that acts as an attractive force.

$$F = -G \frac{m_1 m_2}{r^2}$$

(2) The space position energy has a (+) value. It is a 'scalar mode' energy that acts in the opposite direction to gravity.
$$F_{\alpha} = \frac{G m_1 m_2}{r^2}$$

3. The gravitational constant represents an integral space world. In addition to the existing Cavendish test method, the gravitational constant can also be derived through the space density gravitational equation and planetary motion, which are direct interactions between space and mass. From a rich understanding of the gravitational constant, we can understand that the universe is integrated into a multidimensional configuration in a single space. The approach of this study is the result of tracing its essence through the ontological configuration of the gravitational constant.

Theory of Natural Gravity and Space Dynamics; Discovery and Meaning of Universal Dynamics

I. Discovery of the Ontological World
· Time does not exist physically. The physical world is always present
· Space is a closed, massive fluid with very low density.
· There is only 'space' and 'mass energy' in the universe. (3D)
Based on this, the discovery of a new "natural gravity theory" is a new and intuitive explanation of the world.

II. Natural Gravity Theory:
The discovery of the position (+) energy in space has completed the theory of gravity by finding (+) gravity of the same size as the existing (-) gravity energy. This is an achievement obtained by discovering that the essence of gravity is the spatial cohesion effect according to the change in energy density. By understanding the essence of gravity, we have recovered (+), which we had not been able to calculate until now. According to the new natural gravity theory, gravity is understood to be governed by space, the mother of the universe. Space is an energy field that has energy density and interacts with matter. Space exists throughout the universe as an energy field that encompasses both the macro and micro worlds. Space creates mass energy to create density differences, and based on this, it creates Position energy(+) and Gravity energy(-), which in turn become the driving force of the universe.
Gravity can be seen as the driving force of space using the density difference of mass energy. Space, the mother of the universe, operates and manages the universe using Position energy(+) and Gravity energy(-) as its driving force. This is the universe and gravity as seen ontologically. It is based on the principles of natural motion of the universe that follow the law of conservation of energy and the principle of least action. It is a modern theory of gravity that inherits the classical physics system and includes the concepts of space position energy and quantum energy density. Natural gravity theory is a new natural gravity theory based on natural dynamics, in line with Hamilton's natural philosophy, and established the UH equation.

1. In particular, the space potential energy term αRGMT​m​ reveals that it is the 'dark matter energy' that the physics community has been searching for for a long time. 2. In addition, the energy density function term ρ(r) describes the multidimensional energy density space based on modern quantum theory, which is a characteristic of this equation. This shows that the UH equation is based on the 'space theory' that integrates the microscopic and macroscopic worlds. This can be extended to the microscopic lines and surfaces, and the Einsteinian geometric four-dimensional space centered on the three-dimensional space.

III. The true nature of the universe revealed by the "Natural Gravity Theory":
In the process of discovering and verifying the Natural Gravity Theory, major physical challenges were solved.
1. It was confirmed that the universe is in a solid balance even without dark matter and dark energy.
The "Natural Gravity Theory" states that the rotation speed of galaxies is normal.
2. There was no "Big Bang" as we know it. The universe existed before the "Big Bang."
3. The universe does not expand. There is no inevitable reason for it to expand.
4. The CMB is the "normal cosmic background radiation" that is currently in progress.
5. "The perihelion motion of Mercury is the effect of the potential energy of space, which is (+) gravity.
6. There is no reason for the singularity of a black hole to occur. This is because time does not exist physically.
7. The recent observation of the universe by the James Webb Telescope was correct. The age of the universe may be over 13.8 billion years.
8. The unification of relativity and quantum mechanics is meaningless and structurally impossible. Space itself is a complete field of energy storage, movement, exchange, and radiation. Gravity is a property of space itself, so it can be seen that gravitons are not necessary.
9. The reason why GPS satellites outside the Earth are fast is because the density of space is thin.

10. Causes of and solutions to physical problems
1) Absence of a “sufficient and complete ontological definition” of individual “time” and “space” in physics and engineering.
2) Old uncritical acceptance of “Einstein’s gravitational equation” that accepts “time” as a physical entity.
3) Problems with the mathematical structure of field equations (geometric divergence due to intervention of time that does not exist)
4) Einstein’s concept of space and time unintentionally greatly delayed the study of time and space. If we study the properties of space a little more, macroscopic physics can “finish calculations” and microscopic physics can open a new chapter.
5) The gravitational constant is seen as indicating the boundary between the macroscopic and microscopic worlds. The macroscopic world moves by adjusting the energy density of space based on the gravitational constant. In the microscopic world, the role of space is reduced and quantum energy density seems to be the fundamental driving force. The space of the quantum world is a structure in which energy is exchanged through planes, lines, and points, which are compressed forms of space. The duality of waves and particles, fermions and bosons is understood as the essence of efficiency and creativity.
6) It is necessary to pay attention to the 'Globality of Space' that encompasses the ultra-microscopic and ultra-macroscopic worlds. This is supported by the unity of space. This fact shows that space is the de facto protagonist of the universe. Quantum entanglement and superposition in quantum theory may be the function of an integrated space. In other words, the basic base of the universe may be a single crystal. Space is considered to have abundant physical conditions similar to this.

Above all, this can be seen as a demand for a fundamental shift from the phenomenological and relational inquiry that has taken hold in science in general to an 'essential and ontological method.' This is a task for science in the AI ​​era, and at the same time, a demand for a methodological shift for individuals and civilization.

Yours sincerely, Jason Kuhyu Ryoo

P.S.

1. As below, I have posted 6 related papers of this study as 'pdf' files. Please feel free to download and share them, and I look forward to further discussion and research.
2. Along with this Natural Gravity Theory and Space Dynamics, I will also share the papers of those who study temporal theory, spatial theory,Human science, and ontological scientific methods here. I look forward to your interest and participation.
3. I will also post my major papers here as pdfs in the future. Please review and discuss with interest.
(Share and discuss research materials: visionreale@gmail.com and jasonryoo@naver.com)

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5.General theory of the micro and macro world PPT(EN)
20250508

4. A World Told by Ontology II PPT (EN)
20250102

3. Epistemology based on Quantum Theory
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2. Quantum macroscopic analysis of space position energy
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1. A World Told by Ontology(EN)02 : The Completion of Classical Mechanics
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